Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory



The potential application of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) to energy production has been pursued by the community, including LLNL, since the recognition that it might be possible to achieve high gain ICF in the laboratory. Over the decades, LLNL has contributed to multiple IFE studies, with significant efforts, including the High Average Power Laser (HAPL) program, in the 1990’s and 2000’s for both laser and heavy ion driven concepts.

A substantive recent effort was the Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) study, which aimed to develop an accelerated path towards commercialization of IFE in anticipation of ignition (breakeven) on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). As a relatively recent effort (~2008 to ~2014) that studied, preliminarily developed, and integrated many aspects of what might be required to achieve IFE, the results from LIFE can provide one viewpoint and help inform the IFE community as we work to develop an appropriate path forward.

This web page provides a list of references for potential follow up.



First Author Year All Authors Platforms Discovery Journal Name
T. M. Anklam., et al.,LIFE: The Case for Early Commercialization of Fusion Energy., Fusion Sci. Technol.,60 (2011)2011LIFE: The Case for Early Commercialization of Fusion Energy[Anklam, Thomas M.; Dunne, Mike; Meier, Wayne R.; Powers, Sarah; Simon, Aaron J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USAFusion Sci. Technol.here
M. Dunne., et al.,Timely Delivery of Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE)., Fusion Sci. Technol.,60 (2011)2011Timely Delivery of Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE)[Dunne, M.; Moses, E. I.; Amendt, P.; Anklam, T.; Bayramian, A.; Bliss, E.; Debs, B.; Deri, R.; de la Rubia, T. Diaz; El-Dasher, B.; Farmer, J. C.; Flowers, D.; Kramer, K. J.; Lagin, L.; Latkowski, J. F.; Lindl, J.; Meier, W.; Miles, R.; Reyes, S.; Roberts, V.; Sawicki, R.; Spaeth, M.; Storm, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA; [Moses, G. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USAFusion Sci. Technol.here
W. R. Meier., et al.,Systems Modeling for the Laser Fusion-Fission Energy (LIFE) Power Plant., Fusion Sci. Technol.,56 (2009)2009Systems Modeling for the Laser Fusion-Fission Energy (LIFE) Power Plant[Meier, W. R.; Abbott, R.; Beach, R.; Blink, J.; Caird, J.; Erlandson, A.; Farmer, J.; Halsey, W.; Ladran, T.; Latkowski, J.; MacIntyre, A.; Miles, R.; Storm, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USAFusion Sci. Technol.here
W. R. Meier., et al.,“Integrated process modeling for the laser inertial fusion energy (LIFE) generation system”., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.,244 32035 (2009)2009“Integrated process modeling for the laser inertial fusion energy (LIFE) generation system”J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.here
W. R. Meier., et al.,Fusion technology aspects of laser inertial fusion energy (LIFE)., Fusion Eng. Des.,89 (2014)2014Fusion technology aspects of laser inertial fusion energy (LIFE)[Meier, W. R.; Dunne, A. M.; Kramer, K. J.; Reyes, S.; Anklam, T. M.; LIFE Team] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 95551 USAFusion Eng. Des.here
S. Reyes., et al.,LIFE: A Sustainable Solution for Developing Safe, Clean Fusion Power., Health Phys.,104 (2013)2013LIFE: A Sustainable Solution for Developing Safe, Clean Fusion Power[Reyes, Susana; Dunne, Mike; Kramer, Kevin; Anklam, Tom; Havstad, Mark; Mazuecos, Antonio Lafuente; Miles, Robin; Martinez-Frias, Joel; Deri, Bob] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USAHealth Phys.here
T. M. Anklam., et al.,LIFE: Recent Developments and Progress., LLNL Technical Report, LLNL-TR-480091 (2011)2011LIFE: Recent Developments and ProgressLLNL Technical Reporthere
T. M. Anklam., et al.,LIFE Cost of Electricity, Capital and Operating Costs., LLNL Technical Report, LLNL-TR-480444 (2011)2011LIFE Cost of Electricity, Capital and Operating CostsLLNL Technical Reporthere
T. M. Anklam., et al.,“LIFE Delivery Plan”, LLNL Technical Report., LLNL Technical Report, LLNL-TR-480803 (2011)2011“LIFE Delivery Plan”, LLNL Technical ReportLLNL Technical Reporthere
T.M. Anklam., et al.,Summary of LIFE Delivery Plan., LLNL Technical Report, LLNL-TR-639294 (2013)2013Summary of LIFE Delivery PlanLLNL Technical Reporthere